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What components are included in a steam sterilizer?
Release time：2014-10-24
Based on the method of cold-air expulsion, pressure steam sterilizers are classified into two main types: downward-exhaust pressure steam sterilizers and pre-vacuum pressure steam sterilizers. Downward-exhaust pressure steam sterilizers, also known as gravity-displacement pressure steam sterilizers, operate on the principle of gravity displacement: hot steam flows from top to bottom within the chamber, displacing the cold air through the lower exhaust port. The displaced cold air is replaced by saturated steam, and the latent heat released by the steam is used to achieve sterilization of the articles. Pre-vacuum pressure steam sterilizers, on the other hand, employ mechanical vacuum pumping to create negative pressure inside the chamber, allowing steam to rapidly penetrate deep into the articles for thorough sterilization. Depending on the number of vacuum cycles, they are further divided into pre-vacuum and pulsatile vacuum types; the latter achieves sterilization through multiple vacuum cycles.
Pressure steam sterilizers can be supplied with external piped steam, or they can be equipped with an electric steam boiler to generate steam on demand at any time. Some small, downward-exhaust type pressure steam sterilizers can also achieve steam generation by heating the water in the chamber using an electric heater or a gas burner. In general, external piped steam is more readily available and better suited for larger pressure steam sterilizers, whereas electric steam boilers typically produce a smaller amount of steam per unit of time and require longer heating periods.
Traditional autoclaves are single-door models; however, as requirements for aseptic handling become increasingly stringent, double-door autoclaves are becoming more common. These units are particularly well suited for facilities that separate clean and contaminated areas, as they are specifically designed to process contaminated items that move from the contaminated area into the clean area. In hospitals and pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities, double-door autoclaves are also frequently used for processing certain products during the production process.
Based on the position of the steam pipe within the kettle, there are two types: jacketed and double-jacketed. In the former, the steam pipe is located outside the kettle chamber, which saves space, facilitates the discharge of items, and simplifies kettle maintenance. In the latter, the steam pipe is situated inside the kettle chamber, offering advantages such as easier processing, a larger heat-transfer area, and more direct and rapid heating.
Since the volume of the pressure device is related to its performance and monitoring methods, the standardization committee will define volumes less than 60 Autoclaves are classified as small pressure steam sterilizers. Based on their structural configuration, they can further be categorized as vertical, horizontal, benchtop, or mobile autoclaves.
Ordinary pressurized steam instrument During design, the environmental pollution caused by discharged cold air is generally not taken into account; however, when handling infectious materials, the cold air must be treated, particularly in biosafety laboratories, where pressure steam sterilizers should be equipped with cold-air treatment devices on their exhaust ducts.
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