Introduction to Ultraviolet Air Disinfectors

Release time：2015-09-11

Ultraviolet Air Disinfectant The core component is the ultraviolet lamp (germicidal ultraviolet lamp, UV lamp). Humans have been utilizing ultraviolet radiation for more than 70 years. Ultraviolet radiation is a high-energy form of electromagnetic wave with wavelengths ranging from 100 to 400 nanometers, situated between visible light and X-rays. Based on wavelength, ultraviolet radiation is classified into three bands: UVA (long-wave ultraviolet) spans 315–400 nm; UVB (medium-wave ultraviolet) spans 280–315 nm; and UVC (short-wave ultraviolet) spans 100–280 nm. The wavelength most effective for microbial inactivation is 254 nm, corresponding to the UVC band, because microorganisms absorb the greatest amount of energy at this wavelength. Upon absorption of UVC, photochemical reactions are triggered within microbial cells, leading to damage to DNA in the cell nucleus, which results in immediate cell death or loss of reproductive capacity (in the case of viruses, viral inactivation).

　　In the industry, ultraviolet lamps are currently widely used for indoor air disinfection. However, a major drawback of UV lamps is that they must not be directed at humans, as exposure can cause harm, such as skin rashes or conjunctivitis. Therefore, when using UV lamps to disinfect indoor air, the space must be unoccupied.

　　Ultraviolet air sterilizers are also commonly found abroad. Their basic design involves placing ultraviolet lamps inside a sealed chamber and using a fan to forcibly draw indoor air into the chamber, where it comes into contact with the UV light to achieve disinfection. However, standalone ultraviolet air sterilizers can only inactivate microorganisms in the air; they do not remove airborne particulate pollutants. Therefore, such devices do not fall under the category of air purifiers.

Principle of Ozone Air Disinfectors

Working principle of the ultraviolet device

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