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Causes of Fouling in Heat Exchangers and Corresponding Treatment Methods

Release time：2019-10-08

　　1) Particulate fouling: the accumulation of solid microparticles suspended in the fluid on heat-transfer surfaces. This type of fouling also includes deposition layers formed by larger solid particles on horizontal heat-transfer surfaces under the influence of gravity—so-called precipitate fouling—as well as the deposition of other colloidal particles.

　　2) Crystalline fouling: Deposits formed when inorganic salts dissolved in the fluid crystallize on the heat-transfer surface, typically under conditions of supersaturation or cooling. Typical examples include calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and silica scale on the cooling-water side.

　　3) Chemical reaction fouling: Fouling that arises from chemical reactions occurring on the heat-transfer surface, where the surface material does not participate in the reaction but may act as a catalyst. 4) Corrosion fouling: Fouling caused by the corrosion of the heat-exchange surface due to corrosive fluids or the presence of corrosive impurities in the fluid. Typically, the extent of corrosion depends on the fluid’s composition, temperature, and pH.

　　4) Biological fouling: With the exception of seawater cooling systems, “biological fouling” generally refers to fouling in general. It can give rise to slime, which in turn creates favorable conditions for the proliferation of biological fouling organisms. This type of fouling is highly sensitive to temperature; under suitable thermal conditions, biological fouling can develop into a substantial fouling layer.

　　5) Solidified fouling: Fouling that forms when a fluid freezes on a subcooled heat-transfer surface. For example, water below its freezing point may freeze into ice on the heat-transfer surface. The uniformity of the temperature distribution has a significant impact on this type of fouling.

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